In this guide we'll be creating a simple web application with Cherrycake that shows the well known "Hello world" message in the browser. We won't be using any boilerplates or assisting tools, we'll write all the code you need line by line so you'll learn the very basics of how Cherrycake works.

First of all, check that your web server meets the minimum requirements and create a folder for your project.

Installing the Cherrycake engine

You can simply download the latest version of the engine from GitHub, but the recommended installation method is using composer. To do so, cd into your project directory and require the Cherrycake engine using composer:

composer require tin-cat/cherrycake-engine dev-master

This will create the /vendor directory in your project, and will install there the Cherrycake engine and all its dependencies.

Setting up autoload

To allow your own classes and modules to be loaded automatically, add this to your composer.jsonfile:

"autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
        "CherrycakeApp\\": "src/"
    }
}

If you want to use a namespace other than CherrycakeAppfor your App, modify the snippet above to match it.

The public directory

For security reasons, we'll put all the files that will be served publicly to the Internet in a subdirectory called /public. Create this subdirectory now.

Setting up the web server

Setting up a web server to work with a Cherrycake application it's almost exactly the same as with any other application, except for one detail: We need to tell the web server to redirect all the queries to the index.php file instead of the usual server behavior. This is how it's done:

For NGINX: Add the following to your virtual host configuration file:

root /<path_to_your_app>/public;
index index.php;
location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /?$query_string;
}

For Apache: Be sure to point your Virtual Host DocumentRoot directive to /path_to_your_app/public in your virtual host configuration file and create the file /public/.htaccess in your project with the following contents:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/$1 -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/$1 -d
RewriteRule (.*) - [L]
RewriteRule (.*) / [L]

Setting up the skeleton database

It's not required, but some of the most interesting Cherrycake features need a database to work, you'll discover them while you dive in the rest of this guides.

If you're going to use this features, you'll need to install the skeleton database by importing some SQL scripts into your MySQL or MariaDB database server. You'll find this scripts in the official Cherrycake skeleton repository, in the /install/database directory.

Creating the index.php

The /public/index.php file will receive all the requests to your app and will be in charge of starting up the Cherrycake engine. Create it now and let's go step by step:

Cherrycake apps need to be declared in a namespace of your choice, or you can use the default CherrycakeApp namespace. In any case, we declare the namespace first:

<?php
​
namespace CherrycakeApp;

Now we load the engine, along with any other additional packages. Since Cherrycake works with composer, this is done just by including the autoload.php file, like this:

require "vendor/autoload.php";

Now we can instantiate the engine. We use the $e variable as a convention:

$e = new \Cherrycake\Engine;

Note that the entire Cherrycake engine lives inside the Cherrycake namespace, while your application lives in its own different namespace you declared above. Every time you'll refer to a Cherrycake class, module or constant you'll need to prefix it with the appropriate \Cherrycake\ namespace like we did here, or add a use statement at the top of your code. You'll see examples of that in the guide section and the provided examples.

Now we call the Engine::init method to start it up:

if ($e->init(__NAMESPACE__, [
    "appName" => "CherrycakeApp",
    "isDevel" => true,
    "baseCoreModules" => [
        "Actions"
    ]
]))
    $e->attendWebRequest();

​Engine::init accepts two parameters. The first must be the namespace of your app. Since we just declared it above, we can pass here the PHP constant __NAMESPACE__

The second parameter is an optional hash array that lets you configure some important parameters of the Cherrycake engine. The ones we're using here are:

• appName The name of the application. You can skip this and one will be generated automatically.

• isDevel When set to true, the application works in development mode, meaning you'll get extended error reports and other tricks to help you develop your app. When not specified, this parameter defaults to false.

• baseCoreModules Is an array of the module names that should be loaded upon initialization of the engine. If not specified, only the Actions module will be loaded.

Check the Engine::init documentation for more configuration parameters when initializing the engine.

Let's take a pause here to see why we've added the Actions module on the baseCoreModules list: We need our app to attend requests (it would be pretty useless otherwise), and Actions is the module in charge of doing exactly that.

By including Actions in baseCoreModules, it will be loaded immediately and, as part of the loading process, it will be initialized by calling the Actions::init method. What this method does in the Actions module, among other things, is to go through all available modules in both the Cherrycake engine and your app, check if they have a method called mapActions and run it.

It's as if the Actions module asked all other modules: "If you have any actions you would like to map to respond to requests, please let me know now!"

This causes all modules that have some action to map to do so (by using the Actions::mapAction method), thus leaving Actions ready to attend requests.

Note that there's actually no need to specify a baseCoreModules setup key when initializing the engine. If you skip this parameter, the Actions module will be loaded by default, which is the most common scenario when developing regular apps.

Now, if Engine::init goes well, we run the Engine::attendWebRequest method. What this method does is quite simple: By calling the Actions::run method, it asks the Actions module to go through all mapped actions and run the one that matches the current request.

Lastly, we need to finalize execution by calling the Engine::end method, which in turn calls the end methods of all the loaded modules, so they can perform any cleaning tasks like disconnecting from external sources:

$e->end();

So, our index.php file ends looking like this:

<?php
​
namespace CherrycakeApp;
​
require "vendor/autoload.php";
​
$e = new \Cherrycake\Engine;
​
if ($e->init(__NAMESPACE__, [
    "isDevel" => true
]))
    $e->attendWebRequest();
​
$e->end();

Note that because we're ok with the default configuration parameters for the Engine::init call, we've simplified it and only the isDevel configuration key remains.

Your Cherrycake app setup is ready, but if you run it now by browsing to your web server address, you'll get an error:

This is quite normal, since we haven't yet configured any actions for Cherrycake to respond to. Let's do it now.

The "Hello world" module

Four our setup to be complete, we'll tell Cherrycake to attend requests to the / route of your web application and respond by showing a simple HTML "Hello world" message.

To do this, we'll create a module called HelloWorld that will map an action into the Actions module.

Create the file /src/HelloWorld/HelloWorld.class.php and edit it so it declares an empty module structure, like this:

<?php
​
namespace CherrycakeApp\HelloWorld;
​
class HelloWorld extends \Cherrycake\Module {
}

Remember to use the same namespace you choose for your application in the /public/index.php file.

Also, don't forget that modules have their own directory inside /src, that directory name must match the module name, even with uppercase and lowercase characters.

To map an action for the HelloWorld module so it will respond to requests, declare the static method mapActions, and call the Actions::mapAction method, like this:

<?php
​
namespace CherrycakeApp\HelloWorld;
​
class HelloWorld extends \Cherrycake\Module {
​
    public static function mapActions() {
        global $e;
        $e->Actions->mapAction(
            "home",
            new \Cherrycake\Actions\ActionHtml([
                "moduleType" => ACTION_MODULE_TYPE_APP,
                "moduleName" => "HelloWorld",
                "methodName" => "show",
                "request" => new \Cherrycake\Actions\Request([
                    "pathComponents" => false,
                    "parameters" => false
                ])
            ])
        );
    }
    
}

This will map an action that will respond to requests to the / path (that's why pathComponents has been set to false), and will call the show method on the HelloWorld module (the same module we're working on). Take a look at the Actions guide to learn about how to map more advanced actions.

If we run our app now, we'll get this error:

Which is quite understandable, because we haven't yet created the show method we told the Action to run. Let's add it now:

<?php
​
namespace CherrycakeApp\HelloWorld;
​
class HelloWorld extends \Cherrycake\Module {
​
    public static function mapActions() {
        global $e;
        $e->Actions->mapAction(
            "home",
            new \Cherrycake\Actions\ActionHtml([
                "moduleType" => ACTION_MODULE_TYPE_APP,
                "moduleName" => "HelloWorld",
                "methodName" => "show",
                "request" => new \Cherrycake\Actions\Request([
                    "pathComponents" => false,
                    "parameters" => false
                ])
            ])
        );
    }
    
    function show() {
        global $e;
        $e->Output->setResponse(new \Cherrycake\Actions\ResponseTextHtml([
            "code" => RESPONSE_OK,
            "payload" => "<html><body>Hello world</body></html>"
        ]));
    }
    
}

To send our "Hello World" HTML code to the client, we send a ResponseTextHtml object using the Output::setResponse method.

And that's it! If you now run your app you should see a boring yet quite welcoming "Hello world" message in your browser.

This seems to be a somewhat overkill way of doing what could've been done with a simple echo "Hello world" line, isn't it?

Bear with me with the rest of the guides and you'll find this architecture to really come in handy when what you want to accomplish with your app is much more complex than a "Hello World"!